Improved psychosocial wellbeing caregivers

Indicator ID R&E8
Indicator full statement

% caregivers who report an improvement in their Psychosocial well-being.

Purpose

Importance

This indicator aims to measure the impact of Tdh’s MHPSS interventions on caregivers and ensuring quality and meaningful service delivery. In addition, it gives an indication on existing MHPSS needs, and provides analysis of Tdh’s action according to regions or types of activities.

Related services

MHPSS activities for caregivers aim to support parents' well-being and can be found across various levels of the IASC MHPSS intervention pyramid.

  • Emotional support groups

  • Parenting/support groups (in many settings activities for parents are offered as a package, covering both parents' wellbeing (this indicators) AND their parenting capacities (indicator R&E 9) - a set of sessions for the same group/ one curriculum, in this case both these indicators can be used to measure outcomes)

  • Psychoeducation and social activities

  • Individual support/counselling (such as PM+)

Definition

Parents and caregiver: An individual, with clear responsibility (by custom or by law) for the well-being of the child. It most often refers to a person with whom the child lives and who provides daily care to the child.

Psychosocial well-being: As described in Tdh operational guidance on MHPSS, Tdh adopts a holistic understanding of Mental health and psychosocial well-being, including physical, emotional, social, political, economic, cultural and spiritual dimensions, structured under the 5 well-being pillars and applicable to individual, family and community spheres 1). Safety, security, stability; 2). Bonds and networks; 3). Roles and identities; 4). Justice and rights; 5). Hope and meaning.

How to collect & analyse the data

What do we count?

Parents / caregivers surveyed who report an improvement in particular 2 of the well-being pillars; safety and connectedness

How to calculate the indicator's value

Numerator:  Number of caregivers involved in Tdh interventions or in Tdh partner interventions who report an improvement in particular 2 of the well-being pillars; safety and connectedness in a defined time period or representative sample of those.

Denominator: Number of caregivers involved in Tdh or Tdh partners' interventions in the same geographic area and reference period; or representative sample of those.

Data sources

Caretakers participating in survey.

Data collection methods and tools

For every MHPSS intervention, a pre-post or a post-reflective session that is appropriate and coherent with the nature of the intervention must be included in the curriculum. 

Based on Tdh framework, you can develop your own survey which will be adapted to your context and intervention’s specific objectives (see examples below). If you use certain types of interventions (ex. PM+), you will refer to the validated assessment methodologies for this intervention. If you built a specific curriculum, you might have to develop yourselves the assessment session or use a tool agreed by the coordination structure (ex. SDQ in some contexts).

 Depending on the type of intervention and its intensity (i.e difference between attending caretakers group support meetings, or attending an individual counselling program), You can also use existing validated tools such as;

  • the WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5).

    Purpose: The WHO-5 is a simple and widely used self-report instrument that assesses subjective well-being, focusing on positive mood, vitality, and overall interest in life.

    Description It is 5 items questionnaire rating for example how often they felt cheerful or active in the last two weeks. It offers a direct measure of emotional well-being and can highlight general life satisfaction among caregivers.

    Validation It is a tool which is validated across various cultures and populations, widely used in mental health research, it has been translated in over 30 languages.

  • The PSYCHLOPS (WHO)

    Purpose: The PSYCHLOPS is a highly sensitive measurement tool to capture changes during the course of psychotherapeutic interventions ( it is used for PM+ intervention for example). PSYCHLOPS captures data before, during and after a course of therapy. It assesses psychological well-being and quality of life, focusing on emotional and social functioning.

    Description: It is a 10-item questionnaire evaluating key psychological outcomes over the past week, addressing anxiety, depression, and overall life satisfaction.

    Validation; Validated in diverse populations, including mental health and community samples, demonstrating effectiveness in clinical settings.

Example of survey questions

Examples of survey questions that can be used to assess caregivers' mental health and psychosocial well-being linked with Tdh 5 well-being pillars (these questions can be turned into statement which can be ranked from 0 (never) to 5 (all the time).

  1. Feeling Safe (These statements assess caregivers' perceptions of their own physical and emotional safety, as well as their confidence in providing a sense of safety for their children).

    I feel physically safe in my daily life.

    I feel emotionally secure in my environment.

    I worry about my own safety and the safety of my children.

    I feel confident in my ability to create a safe environment for my family.

    I feel capable of managing situations that may threaten my own or my family’s safety.

  2. Feeling Connected (These statements assess caregivers’ sense of connection with family, friends, and community, important for both personal well-being and their role as caregivers).

    I feel connected to my family, friends, or community.

    I feel supported by others when I face challenges, both personally and as a caregiver.

    I participate in activities that help me feel part of a community or social group.

    I feel isolated or lonely, even when surrounded by people.

    I feel comfortable reaching out for emotional or practical support, both for myself and my family.

  3. Feeling Worthy (These statements focus on caregivers' sense of self-worth and confidence, both in their personal identity and their caregiving role.)

    I feel confident in my ability to handle life’s challenges, both personally and as a caregiver.

    I believe that my contributions to my family and community are valued by others.

    I feel capable of managing my responsibilities without feeling overwhelmed.

    I feel confident in my strengths and abilities to support myself and my family.

    I believe that my role as a caregiver is recognized and respected by those around me.

  4. Feeling Respected (These statements explore how respected caregivers feel in their personal relationships and in their role as parents or guardians.)

    I feel respected by family members, friends, and others in my community.

    I believe that my opinions and decisions, both personally and as a caregiver, are valued by those around me.

    I feel that my identity and values are acknowledged and respected by my family and community.

    I feel that my children and others respect my role as a parent or caregiver and listen to my guidance.

  5. Feeling Hopeful (These statements reflect caregivers’ sense of optimism for their own future and their family’s well-being.)

    I feel hopeful about my future and my family’s well-being.

    I feel optimistic that I can overcome the challenges I face today.

    I feel confident that my community or society will support me in improving my and my family’s well-being.

    I believe that positive changes are possible for both me and my children.

Disaggregation

Gender and age

Important considerations

This indicator complements indicator R&E9. You can do you data collection in once

Limitations and precautions

Risks:

  1. Contextual approach of Well-being pillar definition: Depending on the socio-cultural context, age, gender, life stage, and personal circumstances [1], the five well-being pillars can be valued and interpreted with different orders of priority. The role of community based MHPSS is not to disrupt and change cultural beliefs and practices through external views, but to support the necessary resources for individuals, families, and communities to strengthen their well-being, and to direct their own adjustments in order to build resilience. 

  2. In the event that your donor or MHPSS experts in your team request specific measurement tools to capture changes in Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) outcomes, please ensure that the selected tools are relevant for use in diverse settings and recommended in the IASC Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings.

Precautions:

It is essential to utilize the following means of verification for these tools to ensure robust data collection and analysis:

  • Valid and Reliable Tools: Choose tools that have been validated across various contexts and populations to ensure accuracy and reliability.

  • Standardized Protocols: Adhere to standardized protocols for administering the selected measurement tools to maintain consistency and comparability of data.

  • Cultural Sensitivity: Ensure that the tools are culturally appropriate and relevant for the specific populations being served.

  • Feedback Mechanisms: Implement feedback mechanisms to evaluate the effectiveness and relevance of the tools used in capturing MHPSS outcomes.


[1] From a child-development perspective, children’s well-being and resilience are linked to their stage of development. The relevance of the five well-being pillars, and factors associated with each of these, will evolve over time as will the capacities required by children will also change. For example, from a child development perspective for the safety pillar, young children depend on their caregivers for survival and safety whereas adolescents find themselves in a complex stage and require emotional coping strategies.

The gender and/or diversity (G&D) of individuals can affect their “lived experience” of the five well-being pillars, both positively and negatively. An individual’s gender or diversity may expose them to specific violations which requires an adapted programming response

What further analysis are we interested in?

The type of changes expected in terms of feeling safe and feeling connected well- being pillars can be captured through three main types of changes:

  • Knowledge and skills (for example about existing services or communication abilities)

  • Attitudes, perceptions and feelings (such as trust towards peers, feelings about role in the community) including self-perception (for example communication skills)

  • Behavior (such as engagement in projects, social activity)

  • Gender and disability analysis

With this indicator we quantify subjective types of change and must be cautious with the interpretation. Quantitative results might give a distorted view of reality, and triangulation with open questions and qualitative techniques will be key to enrich our understanding of people’s reality.

These are some guiding questions to orient the analysis:

  • Did certain locations show better improvement in caregivers' well-being compared to others?

  • Do caregivers from different age groups report varying levels of well-being improvement?

  • Are there any differences or similarities in well-being outcomes between male and female caregivers?

  • Is there a wide variation in how caregivers report changes in their well-being? Are there significant disparities?

  • Are the overall results on caregiver well-being mostly positive or negative?

  • Are there contradictions between responses, such as caregivers’ answers to open-ended questions differing from closed-ended ones?

  • What factors (e.g., linked with the context, or specifics of the intervention) might explain certain trends in caregiver well-being improvements?

  • What insights from these results can inform future interventions aimed at improving caregiver well-being?

This guidance was prepared by Tdh ©
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