| Indicator ID | BS3 |
|---|---|
| Indicator full statement | # of persons (disaggregated by age and gender) who access improved basic water, sanitation and/or hygiene services, through participatory WASH management in institutions (health care facilities, schools, child friendly spaces, detention facilities) or at community level (including formal and informal settlements). |
Purpose
| Importance | This indicator measures the total number of people with access to sustainable, inclusive and safely managed basic water and sanitation services in institutions (healthcare facilities, schools, child-friendly spaces, detention centres) and at community level (including formal and informal settlements) thanks to Tdh support. The indicator measures access to a service delivered and is therefore an output indicator showing the extent to which our intervention is ultimately reaching the target population. It is closely linked with the following outcome indicators:
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|---|---|
| Related services | This indicator is the result of services provided by Tdh listed in the "wash_access_to_infrastructure" service cluster (See Tdh catalogue of services), in particular: Supply Access, promotion. |
Definition
WASH services levels (advance, basic, limited) calculation are based on indicators proposed by WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme to assess progress towards achieving the SDGs in schools, healthcare centres and communities. WASH service levels in detention centres have been defined by Terre des hommes based on international regulations and internationally recognised minimum standards.
The JMP (Joint Monitoring Programme) service ladder is a framework used by WHO and UNICEF to categorize levels of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. It helps to track and monitor progress towards universal access to safe WASH services. The service ladder defines different levels of service, ranging from no service to safely managed service. The different levels of service by theme (water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management, environmental cleaning, etc.) and by type of facility are defined in the FACET 2.0 (pages 30, 44 and 54), FACET WinD (page 12) and FACET COM guidelines (forthcoming).
Access:
Individuals have the means and opportunity to use adequate WASH facilities that are within a reasonable distance, affordable, and available when needed.
Sustainable:
WASH services that can be maintained over the long term without degrading the environment, ensuring ongoing functionality and benefiting future generations.
Inclusive:
WASH services ensuring that facilities are designed and implemented to be accessible and usable by all individuals, regardless of gender, age, disability, or socio-economic status.
Safely managed:
WASH service that guarantees the provision and use of facilities or resources that are reliable, accessible, and maintained in such a way as to prevent damage to health and the environment.
Learning space (formal and informal):
It refers to environments where education occurs, both formal (e.g., schools) and informal (e.g., Temporary Learning Spaces - TLS, Child Friendly Spaces - CFS…), equipped with the necessary infrastructure, including WASH facilities, to support effective learning and well-being.
Formal Education:
Education that is accredited by the national education system, following a set curriculum and leading to recognized qualifications.
Non-Formal Education:
Education that is usually not accredited by the national education system, including Vocational Education Training (VET), Temporary Learning Spaces (TLS), Non-Formal Education (NFE) Centres, Digital Learning Centres (DLC), Child Friendly Spaces (CFS), catch-up programs, and language support classes.
How to collect & analyse the data
| What do we count? | This indicator counts the number of people benefiting from improvements in at least one WASH service level at community locations or public facilities (such as schools, detention centers, and healthcare facilities) and different modalities (including water trucking) fro which an improvement has been verified through a systematic assessment using FACET. |
|---|---|
| How to calculate the indicator's value | In healthcare facilities In HCF where Tdh's support has effectively helped to improve levels of WASH services, whether in terms of access to water, hygiene or sanitation, Tdh will consider beneficiaries as individuals who receive a service at a HCF at least once during the life of the project. To estimate this, count the total number of patients disaggregated by gender and age received over 12 months based on admission registers divided by the average number of visits per year as defined by a study published in the Lancet journal in 2019. Example: the register of an HCF in Pakistan shows 5400 outpatient consultations over the last 12 months. The index (ratio of total outpatient visits to counterfactual DALYs) of the study published in the Lancet is 5.76. The estimated number of beneficiaries accessing the service is therefore 938 (5400 / 5.76). In learning spaces: In learning spaces such as formal or unformal school or child friendly spaces where Tdh's support has effectively helped to improve levels of WASH services, whether in terms of access to water, hygiene or sanitation, count the total number of school children enrolled base on facility registry disaggregated by gender and age. In detention centre: In detention centre where Tdh's support has effectively helped to improve levels of WASH services, whether in terms of access to water, hygiene or sanitation, count the total number of detainees enrolled based on facility registry disaggregated by gender and age. In communities: In communities where Tdh's support has effectively helped to improve levels of WASH services, whether in terms of access to water, hygiene or sanitation, count the number of persons who are really benefiting from service improvements in the community. If accessible data is only available by household (e.g. number of households having received support for the construction of a family latrine), the number of households reached can be multiplied by the average composition of households based on available statistics (IOM, UNHCR, government) should be applied. It is recommended that at least two FACET assessments be carried out per project cycle and per level of intervention (HCFs, learning spaces, detention centres, communities). |
| Data collection methods and tools | FACET is the reference tool for assessing WASH service levels in learning spaces (FACET WinS), health care facilities (FACET WiH), detention centre (FACET WinD) and communities (FACET COM). FACET is a mobile data collection tool that can be used offline, It provides both core and expanded versions for short (15-20 mn) or detailed assessments (35-45 mn) and includes a dashboard showing for data analysis results through PowerBI. The tools will be available in January 2024 (LINK) For any assistance contact you wash specialist at regional or global level. |
| Disaggregation | The data must be disaggregated by type of intervention: community AND institutions, with subcategory for institutions that are: learning space, healthcare facility, detention centre AND by gender AND by age. |
Limitations and precautions
This is an output indicator it is limited to count how many people frequent the facility – that demonstrate improvement in terms of WASH services, without undertaking an analysis of behaviour change, health status and satisfaction. It does give an indication of how many people may benefit from improved services, inferring that this will have positive consequences on their health, well-being and improve their demand for the services. Further data collection and analysis would be needed to give evidence of their satisfaction vis a vis the service and positive changes experienced by the people using the improved WASH facilities and feed other complementary indicators such as indicator BS1 : % of supported population that report basic wash service to be functional in institutions (health care facilities, schools, child friendly spaces, detention facilities) or at community level (including formal and informal settlements).
Although FACET is the recommended tool, it requires training and technical support to be used, as well as significant time (up to 45 minutes for the expanded questionnaire) and resources. In some context it might not be possible to use it for security reason (e.g. rejection by the authorities, particularly in detention centres).
In case FACET cannot be used, your team can rely on alternative data collection tools (paper-based observation list & reports, interviews or surveys) to demonstrate the improvement in wash level of the facility. You can use FACET as a basis for observing the key quality criteria to assess,
When working in the community, you can use survey FACET COM and observation, and eventually count of beneficiaries (mind data protection issues with list of beneficiaries) combined with work completion certificates.
It is preferable that the moment of evaluation using FACET in HCF does not coincide with peak patient flow times in order to maintain the attention of the HCF staff and avoid overburdening consultations.
What further analysis are we interested in?
The analysis focuses on the different levels of service (basic, limited, no service) in different areas related to WASH:
Learning spaces: water, sanitation, menstrual hygiene management, waste management, environmental activities, school gardening.
HCFs (general and maternity): water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management, environmental cleaning.
Detention centre (general and cells) : water, sanitation, hygiene, waste, maintenance, environmental cleaning, living spaces.
Community: water, sanitation, hygiene, menstrual hygiene management, water insecurity
If certain service levels could not be reached, it is important to justify why (not covered by the project, technical challenges impossible to overcome, insufficient space available to build additional infrastructure, etc.).
FACET is a factual tool based on WASH service evaluation indicators. It does not evaluate the satisfaction of service users. It is therefore interesting to compare this indicator with the outcome 1 indicator, which assesses user satisfaction.
FACET reports enable us to track the evolution of service levels over the course of the project (baseline, midline, endline), so it is interesting in midline or endline reports to compare the results obtained in previous evaluations to appreciate the effects of the project.
Beyond the service levels linked to the “core questions”, FACET allows you to go further in the analysis of services thanks to the “expanded” questions. Although these questions do not play a part in calculating service levels, it is strongly recommended that they are administered and analyzed in the survey report.
Beyond service levels, it may also be interesting to assess the WASH knowledge, attitudes and practices of service users. To this end, Tdh has developed standardized CAP WASH surveys for schools, detention centers and communities. These surveys can be used to complement FACET evaluation reports.